Being an Advocate

“The Key” - Being Part of the Advocacy Process

“Who, me? Yes, you.”

What’s Here?

#1 Why Advocacy?
#2 How Do I Get Started” The 5 Key Steps
#3 What is “Advocacy” ? – 7 Defining Characteristics
#4 Who is Involved in Advocacy?
#5 What is the Advocacy Process?
#6 Skills, Characteristics & Knowledge Supporting Advocacy​

#1 Why Advocacy?

Advocacy is the key for a great deal of what needs to be done to either (a) support and improve our democratic processes and institutions or (b) take on the big tough intimidating issues we face in our world.

Advocacy is the process that is essential for systemic change. It is essential for designing the necessary laws and policies and for getting them enacted and implemented. It is also essential for getting the right decisions made for organizations – from strategy and targeted outcomes to a range of organization design elements (from membership, roles, and relationships, to processes and style).


Advocacy is the act of supporting, defending or arguing for a specific cause. The purpose of advocacy is to bring about change.

Being an advocate is a critical role for individuals. It is critical not only for being the voice of certain groups of people, but it is also critical for educating decision-makers and then supporting them. And advocates are critical for the decision- makers because they need credible input as well as support for their actions.

The Big Problem – Most of us don’t see ourselves as “advocates.” An “advocate” seems like someone who is trained and experienced and has a certain personality. Not many of us see ourselves in that way and we tend to discount the contributions we might make. There can be other barriers, but this is the big one to get past to be an effective part of a collective effort.

It’s a process. The way to get past this barrier is simply to approach advocacy not as a role, but as a process that has a lot of ways for individuals to contribute and add value – with the character, skills, and knowledge they already have. We will grow as we gain experience, but we start with a surprising range of characteristics and capabilities that can make a difference. We just need to engage. The key is to just get started, explore, and see where it takes us.

#2 How Do I Get Started”

The 5 Key Steps

“The secret of getting ahead is getting started.”
Mark Twain

It’s fine to start small. Just start. There is no magic path that we have to discover. We just start down the path by taking the first few steps.

The key for each of us is to engage in areas of interest and bring the skills, characteristics, and knowledge that we currently have – and commit to whatever skill, characteristic or knowledge development we think will increase our confidence and impact.

1. We Choose Our Focus. We decide where we want to make a difference – one or more issues.

 

2. We Gain Basic Knowledge. We research the topic(s) so that we feel some confidence in engaging – but we don’t over-prepare because that can delay our engagement and contribution.

 

3. We are Conscious About What We are Bringing. We reflect on what characteristics, knowledge or skills we are bringing to the groups that we might join. This is not to justify our inclusion, but to give us a chance to be conscious and intentional in what we bring and to have a base of confidence in our potential value-add.

 

4. We Connect. We explore what groups already exist in the area of our interest and choose which to join. Or we start a formal or informal group if no relevant groups exist. This is like a job search where we identify where we want to add our value and we are clear on what we can bring to add that value.

 

5. We Act with Confidence. We don’t have to be an expert or bring a dozen skills to a group to be a valuable member. When groups are powerful it’s because they have integrated the various skills, knowledge bases, and characteristics of their members. We get started now, bring what we’ve got and remember that our capabilities will grow rapidly if we commit.

#3 What is “Advocacy”?

7 Defining Characteristics

“Advocacy is the act of supporting, defending or arguing for a specific cause. The purpose of advocacy is to bring about change.”

Advocacy is the key for a great deal of what needs to be done to either (a) support and improve our democratic processes and institutions or (b) take on the big tough intimidating issues we face in our world.

1. Advocacy is a Partnership Among those Directly Advocating for Something – and those Who Can Contribute to or Achieve that which is Being Advocated 

Advocacy is about getting people’s attention, generating a desire to act, providing potential solutions to pursue and empowering people to successfully implement those solutions.

2. Advocacy is Beyond Lobbying

Advocacy may be political (like lobbying), but it can also be focused on educating the public, standing up for an individual or group, bringing about change within organizations of various types or developing capabilities within a community.

3. Advocacy is Most Often About Solutions – Not Conflict

Advocacy does not necessarily involve confrontation or conflict.  It is more often about educating people or providing solutions to problems and ways for targeted people or groups to play their roles.

4. Advocacy Can Be Individual, Within Groups, or Systemic

As individuals we can always advocate with our circle of friends, family, neighborhood, etc.   We can also advocate within groups or organizations that we are a part of.  A great deal of high impact advocacy, however, happens through a systemic focus through groups or organizations.

5. Individuals are the Key to Advocacy – in Lots of Roles – Large and Small  

Individuals can take direct actions, such as communicating with decision makers and protesting/supporting.  Individuals can have an even greater impact by strengthening groups and organizations through membership, money, bringing a wide range of capabilities, recruiting others/networking, etc.

6. Advocacy is Often Complex & Difficult  

Influencing policy – whether governmental or organizational – can be complex and difficult.  That is partly the result of the inherent complexity of the issues, but it is also the result of the complexity and difficulty of working within governmental and organizational hierarchies and the amount of competition for time, attention, and resources.  

7. Advocacy is Rarely a Linear Process

It usually has lots of twists and turns with progress and setbacks and requires a lot of perseverance and resilience. That can naturally be intimidating for individuals and smaller groups, particularly those lacking experience and resources.  But achieving systemic change will require a large number of individuals and smaller groups to be active and coordinated around issues as much as possible or sufficient policy changes will not be developed, let alone implemented. 

#3 Who is Involved in Advocacy?

It takes lots of diverse individuals – usually in groups and networks – as well as the policy makers

There are lots of people involved in advocacy – in lots of different ways. There are people on the front lines of advocacy. There are lots of people supporting them and the advocacy process. There are also people in positions of power who need to be influence, guided, and supported in achieving the desired outcomes.

1. Effective Individuals
It all starts with individuals. Lots of individuals that come in lots of forms. There is a large number of settings in which to be an advocate and an extraordinary variety of groups involved in those settings. There are a lot of roles that individuals can play in the advocacy process. The actions that help individuals be successful in their various roles include:

  • Commit to an issue and connect with others working on that issue
  • Bring the talents/resources/connections you currently have
    Build new ones to be more effective – target specific knowledge, skills, characteristics, relationships and learn from the experience you have – and learn with others
  • Persevere over time and be resilient – and get support
  • Be a good group member and an active (not passive) follower. If you are in a leadership role, be an increasingly good leader
  • Take care of yourself – physically, intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually – to build resilience and stay strong for the long path to success
 

2. Effective Advocacy Groups and Networks
The life of a group or network needs to be a priority issue. Effective advocacy groups and networks are consciously developed and maintained.

  • Ensure ongoing group and network development – time and effort devoted with intent
    Form/deepen the key coalitions/relationships – essential for big complex issues
  • Develop the relevant capabilities of group members
  • Build and maintain an effective process for advocacy
  • Develop key roles – for example policy entrepreneur (starting efforts), policy champion (carrying efforts forward), shared leadership roles, researchers, analysts, communications experts, policy development, etc.
  • Engage in frequent and informal accountability checks to maintain direction, energy, connections, and momentum – What do we have to celebrate?; What have we learned?; What do we want to keep doing, start doing, or stop doing?
  • Take care of those doing the advocating as well as those who are the target of the advocacy and will be needed to design and/or implement the desired solutions. People wear out. Groups wear out. It’s easy to overlook the need to support those playing all the roles in the advocacy process. And it’s even easier to overlook supporting those in power who have said “yes” and must then carry the effort forward.

3. Effective Policy Makers (elected and appointed – governmental & organizational)
Policy makers are not just targets of advocacy efforts. The policy makers themselves are involved in the advocacy process and can be effective or ineffective in an area based on how they approach it. To be successful policy makers need to:

  • Commit/Invest in advocacy efforts that are priorities – time, attention, energy, possibly political capital
  • Make it clear to advocates what works with you – the best approach; the best process; do’s and don’ts, etc. It’s a “help me help you” approach for high value initiatives.
  • Network effectively – with other policy makers, advocates, experts, etc.
  • Build the coalition/support to make happen what’s important to you – connect advocates, guide advocates, support the development of public will, etc.

#4 What is the Advocacy Process?

Advocacy is not an event. It is a process that drives change.

There is no magic recipe for effective advocacy, mostly because there is so much variation in the challenge from issue to issue or setting to setting. There are, however, some basics that form a good foundation.

1. Make the “Business Case” for Why the Change is Necessary
What is precipitating the desire for the policy/change? Why consider changing? What is demanding the taking the risks and making the effort and sacrifice to leave the known world of current reality and pursue the goal of the advocacy?

  • Gather the intelligence and create a clear picture of current reality and why it is not acceptable. This is a picture of current reality and the natural consequences of not changing compared to the possible benefits of changing.
  • Include “head and heart” – the intellectual case and the emotional case.
    Make it understandable and compelling – the big picture supported with details where required.
 

2. Create a Clear, Specific and Compelling Vision of the Desired State
What reality might the proposed policy(s) create? What is worth the risks and effort required in change? What can people rally around?

  • Clearly propose the desired policy(s) and how it will drive toward the desired state.
    Again, include “head and heart” – the intellectual picture and the emotional picture.
  • Include interim phases and goals were necessary for large, complex or tough changes.
  • Lay out the ROI – the return that can be expected for making the required investment (time, money, effort, political capital, etc.).
    Indicate the resources/support that can be brought to bear to support getting to the desired outcomes – and support the policy maker in the process.
 

3. Design Draft Strategies for Achieving the Vision and Engage Others
This is tougher than it sounds because it requires a surprising amount of thought, a surprising number of commitments to action, and a surprising amount of discipline to align strategy and operations.

  • Create a clear plan with flexible goals and tactics – based on credible research
  • Identify the roles and relationships that will be key in pursuing the vision
  • Prepare all of the players as much as possible to play their roles
    Identify the likely opponents and plan how to deal with them
    Engage others in refining and “operationalizing” the plan to align everyone from the top to daily operations
  • Design a process for accountability – staying on track, keeping energy and commitment up, etc.
 

4. Prepare the Ground – Build a Critical Mass of Support

  • Make it as easy as possible for policy makers to say “yes.” Don’t rely on “it being the right thing to do.”
  • Understand the interests of all key stakeholders, the pressures and risks they face, and how they work
  • Build the public will behind the initiative
    Create collaborative relationships/partnerships
  • Know the barriers and pitfalls and have solutions ready
  • Anticipate the risk and fear factors and diminish them as much as possible
  • Project the impact of the expected changes driven by the policies and have strategies in place to minimize negative impacts
 

5. Invest in Relationships
Building and maintaining relationships is at the heart of advocacy. Healthy relationships support trust and credibility, which is essential. They can determine the quality of communications and decision-making. There are a number of key relationships to build and maintain. For example, relationships with:

  • Policy makers
  • Policy staff
  • Allies
  • Opponents
  • Experts
  • Communities of various kinds
  • Potential group members
  • The media
  • Funders
 

6. “Hold the Course” – Persevere
This is the often-overlooked companion to the planning process.

  • Continue to build and maintain the organization, its members, and its key processes. People, groups, organizations, and networks wear out if they are not consciously maintained. That requires a focus beyond operations, which is not the norm.
  • The other critical opportunity often missed is developing capabilities – of individuals, groups, organizations, and networks. This is an area where volunteers with key capabilities can make a dramatic difference in advocacy (in large and small ways).
 

7. Pay Attention to the “Nuts and Bolts”
Those are the six big foundation blocks of advocacy, but behind the scenes there are dozens of tasks that need to be done to be successful. And individuals build those foundation blocks by doing lots of “nuts and bolts” tasks.

They range from researching, editing, and lots of logistical tasks to building and maintaining websites, graphic design, and managing contacts. They can also include being present at protests and advocacy rallies, digital marketing, communications with stakeholders, tracking opponents, contacting policy makers, etc.

Leaders of advocacy efforts need people doing all of those tasks – and many more. “You can’t play the game if you don’t have the players.” And it takes a lot of players to play the tough games.

#6 Skills, Characteristics & Knowledge Supporting Advocacy

You don’t need all the skills, characteristics, and knowledge. Start with what you have and add them to the process.

Advocacy is often a difficult and complex process, and it requires a wide range of skills, characteristics, and knowledge. No one embodies all of the skills, characteristics and knowledge required, so successful advocacy relies on groups finding that capability within their membership and bringing it to bear in a coordinated fashion.

Individuals need to find their value-add and groups need to help them do so. That value-add can grow beyond the initial contributions both rapidly and extensively with the right initiative and support.

The best way to review the following lists is to be surprised at how many of the qualities we can bring to advocacy vs. focusing on what’s missing. No one brings everything. No one.

1. Skills that Can Make a Difference

There is a wide array of skills that combine for effective advocacy and their importance varies by issueThese are examples and no one brings all of these skills.  The idea is to have a group that has as many of these skills within it as possible and know how to deploy them effectively.

  1. Listening
  2. Written communication
  3. Spoken communication
  4. Research
  5. Analysis
  6. Negotiations (particularly interest-based negotiations)
  7. Conflict resolution
  8. Relationship skills
  9. Operations analysis
  10. Systems mapping
  11. Emotional support
  12. Change leadership
  13. Educating
  14. Social media skills
  15. Admin support (wide range)
  16. Persuasion
  17. Sales
  18. Fund raising
  19. Management skills (wide range)
  20. Problem solving
  21. Group development
  22. Board performance 
  23. Information technology
  24. Effective meetings
  25. Networking
  26. Collaboration
  27. Decision-making
 
 

2. Characteristics that Support Advocacy

Not everyone needs to have all these characteristics.  The list is to be used as a way to identify the characteristics that you have that can contribute to the advocacy process.  Most of them are characteristics that support a healthy life.

  1. Perseverance
  2. Resilience
  3. Empathy
  4. Passion
  5. Optimism
  6. Risk-taking
  7. Flexibility
  8. Likability
  9. Discipline
  10. Integrity
  11. Self-awareness
  12. Service orientation
  13. Honesty
  14. Credibility
  15. Sense of humor
 

3. Knowledge that Supports Action

There are several general types of knowledge that are necessary for success. It helps to have topic experts, but you don’t need to have deep expertise in a specific topic to make a difference.  There are some broad types of knowledge that are valuable – and they can be developed rapidly.    

  1. Understanding the governmental or organizational processes for policy development and legislation and the pressures in play.  How do things get done?  What works and what doesn’t?  What factors or pressures are in paly?
  2. Knowledge of and access to resources available to make the case for the policy and to support the changes that the policy will drive
  3. Knowledge of the advocacy process itself.  What is the game we are playing and how do we play it?      
  4. Understanding the interests and pressure on policy makers.  What is their world and experience like and how can we enter it effectively?
  5. Knowledge of the influencers.  Who can influence the outcomes?  How do we engage and collaborate with them?
  6. Understanding adversaries.  What are their interests, strengths, weaknesses, styles and strategies?

Remember

  1. Advocacy is a process that drives desired change
  2. We don’t all need to be “advocates” – we need to find the roles we can play in the advocacy process
  3. The key for making a difference is to simply start and rapidly “learn the way” and develop capabilities and increase our impact as we go
  4. Playing a role(s) in an advocacy process(es) is a good way to answer the question, “Am I a courageous citizen or a cowardly subject?